Ruby之线程
创建一个线程Thread.new, 主线程为Thread.main.Ruby中线程有5中状态：(nil和false状态在inspect下显示为dead，可以用status方法查看线程状态)- run: 线程正在执行
- sleep: sleep或等待IO
- aborting
- false: 线程正常结束
- nil: 线程异常结束
words = ["hello", "world", "goodbye", "mars"]
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
Thread.new {
words.each{ |word| puts word }
}
Thread.new {
numbers.each{ |number| puts number }
}
以上代码，两个线程将得不到机会执行.利用join方法，使线程调用者挂起，直到join的线程结束
words = ["hello", "world", "goodbye", "mars"]
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
chars = ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
Thread.new {
words.each{ |word| puts word }
}.join
Thread.new {
numbers.each{ |number| puts number }
}.join
chars.each{ |ch| puts ch }
这样线程变成有序执行了，正确的方法应该如下：
words = ["hello", "world", "goodbye", "mars"]
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
thread1 = Thread.new {
words.each{ |word| puts word }
}
thread2 = Thread.new {
numbers.each{ |number| puts number }
}
[thread1, thread2].each { |t| t.join }
线程优先级：(Thread.pass把执行时间让给其他线程), 设置priority属性，main的priority为0.Thread.stop线程挂起, run线程运行
Mutex类：需要require 'thread'
semaphore = Mutex.new
a = Thread.new {
semaphore.synchronize {
1000000.times{ $i += 1 }
}
}
b = Thread.new {
semaphore.synchronize {
1000000.times{ $i += 1 }
}
}
Ruby对语句写成多行可能会出现意想不到的结果：
x = (10 +
(2*4))
x = 18
x = (10
+ (2*4))
x = 8
x = (10 \
+ (2*4))
x = 18
Ruby之irb: irb --helpRuby之调试
ruby -r debug test.rb
Ruby之单元测试
- require 'test/unit'
- 继承Test::Unit::TestCase
- 方法名要以test开始
- setup:在测试代码之前执行
- teardown:在测试代码之后执行
- assert(boolean, message=nil) Asserts that boolean is not false or nil.
- assert_block(message="assert_block failed.") {|| ...} The assertion upon which all other assertions are based. Passes if the block yields true.
- assert_equal(expected, actual, message=nil) Passes if expected == +actual.
- assert_in_delta(expected_float, actual_float, delta, message="") Passes if expected_float and actual_float are equal within delta tolerance.
- assert_instance_of(klass, object, message="") Passes if object .instance_of? klass
- assert_kind_of(klass, object, message="") Passes if object .kind_of? klass
- assert_match(pattern, string, message="") Passes if string =~ pattern.
- assert_nil(object, message="") Passes if object is nil.
- assert_no_match(regexp, string, message="") Passes if regexp !~ string
- assert_not_equal(expected, actual, message="") Passes if expected != actual
- assert_not_nil(object, message="") Passes if ! object .nil?
- assert_not_same(expected, actual, message="") Passes if ! actual .equal? expected
- assert_nothing_raised(*args) {|| ...} Passes if block does not raise an exception.
- assert_nothing_thrown(message="", &proc) Passes if block does not throw anything.
- assert_operator(object1, operator, object2, message="") Compares the +object1+ with +object2+ using operator. Passes if object1.send(operator, object2) is true.
- assert_raise(*args) {|| ...} Passes if the block raises one of the given exceptions.
- assert_raises(*args, &block) Alias of assert_raise. (Deprecated in Ruby 1.9, and to be removed in 2.0).
- assert_respond_to(object, method, message="") Passes if object .respond_to? method
- assert_same(expected, actual, message="") Passes if actual .equal? expected (i.e. they are the same instance).
- assert_send(send_array, message="") Passes if the method send returns a true value.
- assert_throws(expected_symbol, message="", &proc) Passes if the block throws expected_symbol
- build_message(head, template=nil, *arguments) Builds a failure message. head is added before the template and argu-ments replaces the ’?’s positionally in the template.
- flunk(message="Flunked") flunk always fails.
